A chronological record of peer-reviewed AOD-9604 research — trial types, sample sizes, and measured outcomes. This page summarizes what has been studied, not what users should expect to experience.
Educational content only. This page is compiled from published research for reference and is not medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Readers should verify claims against primary sources and consult a qualified healthcare provider before making any health decisions. Full disclaimer.
Peptide research timelines are often misrepresented online. Claims about "how quickly AOD-9604works" usually blend anecdotal reports with selective trial data. This page restricts itself to what peer-reviewed studies measured, over what duration, with what sample size, and what the authors concluded. Readers should not infer personal results from these numbers.
Primary mechanism studied: Lipolytic GH Fragment Activity. Primary indications investigated: Fat metabolism, Weight loss.
Small RCT testing AOD-9604 in overweight subjects. Results were not statistically significant for weight loss compared to placebo.
Study in diabetic obese patients examining AOD 9604 effects on weight loss, glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity.
Transgenic mouse model of accelerated OA treated with AOD 9604; assessed cartilage damage, MMP activity, and joint space.
Study in diet-induced obese rats examining AOD 9604 effects on serum leptin levels and hypothalamic leptin receptor signaling.
Rat model of articular cartilage defect treated with local and systemic AOD 9604 measuring cartilage repair and collagen synthesis.
Study examining AOD 9604 effects on vascular endothelial growth factor production and neovascularization in engineered cartilage.
Comparative in-vitro study of lipolytic potency and selectivity among AOD 9604, native GH, and common antidiabetic agents.
In-vitro study demonstrating AOD 9604 stimulation of cartilage matrix synthesis and chondrocyte proliferation in osteoarthritic cultures.
Cellular study clarifying AOD 9604 signaling through GH receptor N-terminal fragment versus C-terminal peptide effects.
Study in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats examining AOD 9604 effects on bone turnover, bone formation rate, and BMD.
Cellular study of AOD 9604 effects on dermal fibroblast collagen synthesis, fibroblast growth factor signaling, and MMP inhibition.
Study in diet-induced obese mice examining AOD 9604 effects on metabolic syndrome, visceral fat, and insulin sensitivity.
Extended 52-week RCT of AOD 9604 5mg versus placebo with assessment of sustained weight loss and tolerability.
Meta-analysis of safety data from multiple AOD 9604 trials examining injection site reactions, systemic AEs, and tolerability.
Phase 2 double-blind trial of AOD 9604 5mg daily versus placebo in obese subjects measuring weight loss and lipid changes.
Study in GH receptor-knockout mice demonstrating AOD 9604 lipolytic activity independent of classical GH signaling.
Pharmacokinetic study establishing AOD 9604 peak plasma levels, elimination half-life, and subcutaneous bioavailability.
Mechanistic study demonstrating AOD 9604 directly activates hormone-sensitive lipase and stimulates lipolysis in isolated human adipocytes.
The presence of a study does not mean an effect is established. Sample sizes vary widely, many trials are small pilots or animal work, and individual findings may not replicate. The overall evidence level for AOD-9604 is L2 (Preclinical Evidence): consistent animal study results but no human data. Treat each study as one data point, not a conclusion.
PeptideMark indexes 23 studies on AOD-9604: 2 human studies, 14 animal studies, 4 in-vitro, and 3 reviews. The current evidence level is L2 — preclinical evidence.
The earliest indexed peer-reviewed study on AOD-9604 in the PeptideMark library was published in 2000 (The Journal of Biological Chemistry). Research activity has continued through 2013.
Duration varies by indication and phase. Early-phase pharmacokinetic and safety studies typically run 4–12 weeks. Phase 2 efficacy trials commonly span 12–26 weeks. Phase 3 registration trials for chronic indications often extend 52–104 weeks. Review individual trial records on ClinicalTrials.gov for specific durations.
Published research activity on AOD-9604 has slowed in recent years based on indexed studies. Ongoing investigator-initiated trials may exist that are not yet indexed.
Every study referenced here links to its PubMed record via the study ID. PeptideMark does not host full text; use the PubMed link to access abstracts and publisher sites for the primary literature.